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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Medications help many people manage anxiety, but they're not the only option. Psychotherapy and exercise can be effective treatments. Some antidepressants work to treat anxiety as well, such as SSRIs like citalopram (Celexa) and Escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac) paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Other medications, such as histamine blockers, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine), can also offer relief. Antidepressants Your doctor might prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed medications are available in a variety of types. The type you choose by your doctor will depend on the severity of your symptoms, any other medical conditions you suffer from, and your the treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way that your brain's nerve cells communicate. They do this by increasing the quantity of certain neurotransmitters, which improves mood and anxiety. Antidepressants can take a while to produce results, so take your time and stick with your regimen. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed by your physician to treat depression or anxiety. These medications are fast-acting and can help relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in a short period of time. Benzodiazepines include alprazolam, lorazepam and other. They block the actions of noradrenaline and adrenaline which are hormones that play a role in the body's fight or flight. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are a more traditional type of antidepressant which is also effective in treating anxiety and depression. They are usually prescribed to those who have not had a response to other antidepressants. They also require changes to diet in order to avoid hypertensive interactions caused by the amino acid tyramine. If you're taking an antidepressant prescription be sure to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking, such as vitamins and supplements. You may need to lower the dosage if other medications affect the way antidepressants work or if they cause negative side effects. Get help immediately if you have thoughts of suicide. You might have different symptoms of depression and anxiety, or you may have a comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Those with comorbid depression and anxiety have a poorer medical outlook than those who suffer from either disorder on their own. Some psychiatric medications have been found to be particularly effective in treating both disorders in people with a comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can ease anxiety symptoms, such as alprazolam, clonazepam and chlordiazepoxid diazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam. These medications work on the benzodiazepine-receptors of the central nervous system that are transmembrane protein molecules that make up an benzylchloride channel in the center. The benzodiazepine receptors also have an area that binds to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines function by increasing the concentration of GABA-A, thereby decreasing muscle activity and relaxing the muscles. Benzodiazepines are known to have a quick onset of action, but they have a high chance of dependence and addiction. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics and buspirone all have a longer duration of action, but are better options for long-term use since they don't produce tolerance or create addiction. Anxiety and depression are often co-occurring, and antidepressants can reduce symptoms of depression that are linked with anxiety. However, many people with depression experience a mixture of both anxious and depressive symptoms and will need the combination of medication and talk therapy to control all of their symptoms. In these cases benzodiazepines are employed for short intervals of time to control anxiety and depression symptoms until other medication takes effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a short amount of time, and not for daily. If you take benzodiazepines for long periods of time may cause withdrawal symptoms such as shaking and trouble sleeping, so these medications should only be taken as directed by your doctor. Discuss with your doctor if have ever had issues with addiction, substance abuse or mental health. Your doctor can talk to you about possible side effects, and recommend other drugs if required to treat depression. If you've never taken benzodiazepines in the past or use them frequently they can lead to serious and sometimes fatal side effects. If you are pregnant or nursing or have a history of liver disease or other digestive or respiratory issues or liver disease your doctor may reduce the duration of treatment or require lower doses. Alcohol can negatively interact with benzodiazepines and increase the chance of adverse effects and dependence. You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking these drugs. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be utilized as an option to treat anxiety symptoms. They are a different type of drug from benzodiazepines like Xanax and work by blocking receptors that adrenaline binds to. They also reduce brain and nervous system activity. They can be an alternative to benzodiazepines which are more prone to the risk of dependence and addiction. Beta blockers, that reduce blood pressure and slow heart rate, are commonly prescribed to treat heart conditions. They are also beneficial in treating anxiety. They are not FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorder. They are often employed “off label” to treat this condition and are a viable alternative if other anti-anxiety drugs do not offer relief or have unacceptable side effects. They are particularly efficient in cases of social and performance anxiety, in which physical symptoms may occur in situations that cause anxiety. They can also be used in conjunction with other treatment modalities for example, CBT or SSRIs. They are particularly useful as an additional therapy for those with GAD which is characterised by constant and persistent anxiety that affects daily activities. They can also aid in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, like an increased heart rate or sweating. Although beta-blockers can assist in helping alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety, they don't address the underlying psychological issues that contribute to the anxiety. They are designed to complement other treatments like benzodiazepines or SSRIs. Before generalized anxiety disorder begin taking beta-blockers it is crucial to talk to your doctor about your medical history and other health issues. The use of these drugs is associated with reduced suicidal behavior and psychiatric hospitalisations however, the outcomes vary by specific psychiatric diagnosis and the psychiatric history of the past. In certain patients, they could increase the risk of having cardiovascular events. There are some natural products that contain beta-blocker-like properties but they are not as effective as prescription medications. These include antioxidants, garlic saffron and potassium. The efficacy of these natural products is not fully known. Certain of these products can cause serious adverse side effects, so it's best to consult with a physician before taking them. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are used to alter the way your brain functions. They inhibit the activity of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase. It reduces the chemical compounds serotonin and norepinephrine, which allow your brain cells to communicate with each other. By blocking monoamine oxidase MAOIs help to keep more of these chemical messengers in your brain, which boosts your mood by enhancing brain cell communication. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders, specifically anxiety disorders like agoraphobia and mixed depression and anxiety states. They are not as effective for pure anxiety and might not help with panic attacks. The effectiveness of MAOIs has been linked to their capability to increase dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels inside the brain. These neurotransmitters, naturally produced by the body are released into the bloodstream where they travel to nerves cells and serve as messengers. The first antidepressant to be developed in the 1950s was Iproniazid, that inhibited monoamine oxide. This led to other MAOIs such as tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid and fluoxetine that are widely used to treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. Because they can have interactions with food and drugs, and could cause serious withdrawal syndrome if they are stopped abruptly, MAOIs are typically only utilized for patients who fail to respond to other treatments. A newer MAOI called a selective, irreversible MAOA-A inhibitor is being investigated for its potential use in treating depression that is not responding to treatment. It is not recommended for treatment of bipolar disorder because it could trigger manic symptoms. Another MAOI that is newer, selegiline (Eldepryl or Zelapar), is being studied to treat Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidase, but it does not affect other enzymes that break down levodopa the main treatment for Parkinson's. These medications can be used as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other antidepressants. In certain patients, MAOIs may cause a reaction that results in hyper-reflexia and neuromuscular excitability. This may manifest as eyelid twitching and other symptoms. These reactions are more prevalent when these medications are used in conjunction with certain food items such as aged cheeses or preserved meats.